The idea of Earth as a ship in space can be traced back to the American social reformer [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_George | Henry George]].

'^*^' Coinage is disputed. Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth. It's been claimed, in a book containing the German translation of ''Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth'' (and "other writings") that he began using the term "Spaceship Earth" in 1951.[^''Bedienungsanleitung für das Raumschiff Erde und andere Schriftenthat'', Krauss & Fuller, http://books.google.com/books?id=uZajAQAACAAJ&dq=%22Bedienungsanleitung+fuer+das+Raumschiff+Erde+und+andere+Schriften%22]^] However, his first documented use of the trope -- if not of the exact term "Spaceship Earth" -- seems to be in October, 1965, in an address to the Phi Beta Kappa Society.[^http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160^]  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N., in early July; perhaps before that, he'd suggested similar wording to [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson | LBJ]], for a speech: that Earth was a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship."[^John Bartlow Martin, ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'', http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp^] An ambiguous citation of written credit for the term "Spaceship Earth" being used first by Fuller instead of Ward has been found in the Fuller library.[^[[ http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | Chapter 1, "Network Artists as Anticipatory Design Scientists"]] of [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu | Victoria Vesna]]'s dissertation, [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/summary.html | "Networked Triadic Spaces"]]^]

The idea of Earth as a ship in space can be traced back to the American social reformer [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_George | Henry George]]. He wrote in 1879:

%lframe% http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Buckminsterfuller.png/120px-Buckminsterfuller.png |Fuller, ca. 1917

%rframe% http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a5/Barbara_Ward.gif | Barbara Ward

The term '''Spaceship Earth''' was apparently coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  Ward, a shipmate of Fuller's on the Delos cruises, credited [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]] with the concept.'^*^' The trope was used in a speech she had drafted on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].[^[=John McCormick=], ''Reclaiming Paradise: The Global Environmental Movement'', p.67 http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward^] Ward was the author of a book entitled "Spaceship Earth", first published in 1966.[^Barbara Ward, ''Spaceship Earth'' http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth^] The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]], by  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara | Robert McNamara]] (himself a Delos cruise veteran[^Jean Gartlan, ''Barbara Ward: Her Life and Letters'', p.166 http://books.google.com/books?id=2Id7vrJvGWQC&lpg=PA166&dq=buckminster.fuller%20delos%20mcnamara&pg=PA166#v=onepage&q=delos&f=false^]) in his role at the World Bank,[^Robert Mcnamara, in ''One Hundred Countries, Two Billion People: The Dimensions of Development'', 1973^] and eventually, through the influence of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury | Ray Bradbury]], by the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Corporation | Disney corporation]].

It is perhaps unfair to call the Disney corporation's use of "Spaceship Earth" a corporate vulgarization of the original concept.  Walt Disney's original vision for EPCOT - the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_Prototype_Community_of_Tomorrow_(concept) | Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow]] - was derided by some as a "commodified utopia",[^Matthew Arnold, "Walt Disney, EPCOT, the Creation of a Commodified Utopia", https://sites.google.com/site/theoriginalepcot/a-look-back^] a grandiose reaction both to the problems of success seen in Disneyland's increasingly tawdry commercial periphery and to America's social failures in the mid-1960s.  However, in Walt Disney's emphasis on a very dense urban core ringed with a greenbelt, with mass transportation conveniently connecting lower-density housing with the urban core, it's not hard to see that he was concerned with some issues of sustainability.  Disney was both a technological innovator and an entertainment entrepreneur.  [[Project Persephone]] unabashedly accepts the legitimacy of both roles, so long as they are "[[Meeting the SPEC]]". A Spaceship Earth on which we are ''all'' crew, all the time, is neither necessary nor sufficient. A Spaceship Earth on which most of us are having fun on most days -- a theme park taking itself as theme -- would clearly be better, as long as it was sustainable. If exploiting space resources is the way to reach that [[ludotopian | ludotopia]], Project Persephone could be a small contributor to progress toward the goal.

It is perhaps unfair to call the Disney corporation's use of "Spaceship Earth" a corporate vulgarization of the original concept.  Walt Disney's original vision for EPCOT - the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_Prototype_Community_of_Tomorrow_(concept) | Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow]] - derided by some as a "commodified utopia",[^Matthew Arnold, "Walt Disney, EPCOT, the Creation of a Commodified Utopia", https://sites.google.com/site/theoriginalepcot/a-look-back^] a grandiose reaction both to the problems of success seen in Disneyland's increasingly tawdry commercial periphery, and to America's social failures in the mid-1960s.  However, in Walt Disney's emphasis on a very dense urban core ringed with a greenbelt, with mass transportation conveniently connecting lower-density housing with the urban core, it's not hard to see that he was concerned with some issues of sustainability.  Disney was both a technological innovator and an entertainment entrepreneur.  [[Project Persephone]] unabashedly accepts the legitimacy of both roles, so long as they are "[[Meeting the SPEC]]".

'^*^' Coinage is disputed. Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth. It's been claimed, in a book containing the German translation of ''Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth'' (and "other writings") that he began using the term "Spaceship Earth" in 1951.[^''Bedienungsanleitung für das Raumschiff Erde und andere Schriftenthat'', Krauss & Fuller, http://books.google.com/books?id=uZajAQAACAAJ&dq=%22Bedienungsanleitung+fuer+das+Raumschiff+Erde+und+andere+Schriften%22]^] However, his first documented use of the trope -- if not of the exact term "Spaceship Earth" -- in speeches seems to be in 1965, in the address to the Phi Beta Kappa Society. The lecture itself was delivered in October of 1965.[^http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160^]  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N., in early July; perhaps before that, he'd suggested similar wording to [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson | LBJ]], for a speech: that Earth was a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship."[^John Bartlow Martin, ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'', http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp^] An ambiguous citation of written credit for the term "Spaceship Earth" being used first by Fuller instead of Ward has been found in the Fuller library.[^[[ http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | Chapter 1, "Network Artists as Anticipatory Design Scientists"]] of [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu | Victoria Vesna]]'s dissertation, [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/summary.html | "Networked Triadic Spaces"]]^]

-> ''It is a well-provisioned ship, this on which we sail through space. If the bread and beef above decks seem to grow scarce, we but open a hatch and there is a new supply, of which before we never dreamed. And very great command over the services of others comes to those who as the hatches are opened are permitted to say, "This is mine!".[^Henry George, [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty | Progress and Poverty]], Book IV, Ch. 2, 1879^]

The term '''Spaceship Earth''' was apparently coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  Ward, a shipmate of Fuller's on the Delos cruises, credited [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]] with the concept.'^*^' The trope was used in a speech she had drafted on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].[^[=John McCormick=], ''Reclaiming Paradise: The Global Environmental Movement'', p.67 http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward^] Ward was the author of a book entitled "Spaceship Earth", first published in 1966.[^Barbara Ward, ''Spaceship Earth'' http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth^] The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]], by  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara | Robert McNamara]] (himself a Delos cruise veteran[^Jean Gartlan, ''Barbara Ward: Her Life and Letters'', p.166 http://books.google.com/books?id=2Id7vrJvGWQC&lpg=PA166&dq=buckminster.fuller%20delos%20mcnamara&pg=PA166#v=onepage&q=delos&f=false^]) in his role at the World Bank[^Robert Mcnamara, in ''One Hundred Countries, Two Billion People: The Dimensions of Development'', 1973^], and eventually, through the influence of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury | Ray Bradbury]], by the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Corporation | Disney corporation]].

-> "This must be the context of our thinking - the context of human interdependence in the face of the vast new dimensions of our science and our discovery.  Just as Europe could never again be the old, closed-id community after the voyages of Columbus, we can never again be a squabbling band of nations before the awful majesty of outer space.

'^*^' Coinage is disputed. Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth. It's been claimed, in a book containing the German translation of ''Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth'' (and "other writings") that he began using the term "Spaceship Earth" in 1951.[^''Bedienungsanleitung für das Raumschiff Erde und andere Schriftenthat'', Krauss & Fuller, http://books.google.com/books?id=uZajAQAACAAJ&dq=%22Bedienungsanleitung+fuer+das+Raumschiff+Erde+und+andere+Schriften%22]^] However, his first documented use of the trope -- if not of the exact term "Spaceship Earth" -- in speeches seems to be in 1965, in an address to the Phi Beta Kappa Society.[^[[http://books.google.com/books?id=0q00AAAAMAAJ&q=spaceship&dq=vision.'65+buckminster.fuller&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=6 | "Vision 65 Summary Lecture"]], published in the magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American Scholar, Vol. 35, p. 206, 1966 (April); reprinted in Fuller's ''Utopia or Oblivian''^]
->". . . . you are and always have been on a very small spaceship, eight thousand miles in diameter. The nearest star Sun is 92,000,000 miles away . . ."
 
The lecture itself was delivered in October of 1965.[^http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160^]  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N., in early July; perhaps before that, he'd suggested similar wording to [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson | LBJ]], for a speech: that Earth was a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship."[^John Bartlow Martin, ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'', http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp^] An ambiguous citation of written credit for the term "Spaceship Earth" being used first by Fuller instead of Ward has been found in the Fuller library.[^[[ http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | Chapter 1, "Network Artists as Anticipatory Design Scientists"]] of [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu | Victoria Vesna]]'s dissertation, [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/summary.html | "Networked Triadic Spaces"]]^]

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  Ward credited [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]] with the concept.'^*^' The trope was used in a speech she had drafted on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].[^[=John McCormick=], ''Reclaiming Paradise: The Global Environmental Movement'', p.67 http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward^] Ward was the author of a book entitled "Spaceship Earth", first published in 1966.[^Barbara Ward, ''Spaceship Earth'' http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth^] The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]], by  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara | Robert McNamara]] in his role at the World Bank[^Robert Mcnamara, in ''One Hundred Countries, Two Billion People: The Dimensions of Development'', 1973^], and eventually, through the influence of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury | Ray Bradbury]], by the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Corporation | Disney corporation]].

Barbara Ward drafted a speech for Adlai Stevenson, drawing from the Spaceship Earth idea as she conceived it. From Stevenson's speech in Geneva, five days before his death:[^Suzanne McIntire, ''American Heritage Book of Great American Speeches for Young People'', p.230 http://books.google.com/books?id=B1XgK1SRqPwC&pg=PA230&dq=%22We+travel+together,+passengers+on+a+little+space+ship%22^]

-> We travel together, passengers on a little space ship, dependent on its vulnerable reserves of air and soil; all committed for our safety to its security and peace; preserved from annihilation only by the care, the work, and, I will say, the love we give our fragile craft. We cannot maintain it half fortunate, half miserable, half confident, half despairing, half slave - to the ancient enemies of man - half free in a liberation of resources undreamed of until this day. No craft, no crew can travel safely with such vast contradictions. On their resolution depends the survival of us all."

%rframe% http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Buckminsterfuller.png/120px-Buckminsterfuller.png |Fuller, ca. 1917
'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]]. The concept may trace back to [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_George | Henry George]].[^''It is a well-provisioned ship, this on which we sail through space. If the bread and beef above decks seem to grow scarce, we but open a hatch and there is a new supply, of which before we never dreamed. And very great command over the services of others comes to those who as the hatches are opened are permitted to say, "This is mine!".'' Henry George, [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty | Progress and Poverty]], Book IV, Ch. 2, 1879^] Ward credited [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]] with the concept.'^*^' The trope was used in a speech she had drafted on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].[^[=John McCormick=], ''Reclaiming Paradise: The Global Environmental Movement'', p.67 http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward^] Ward was the author of a book entitled "Spaceship Earth", first published in 1966.[^Barbara Ward, ''Spaceship Earth'' http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth^] The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]], by  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara | Robert McNamara]] in his role at the World Bank[^Robert Mcnamara, in ''One Hundred Countries, Two Billion People: The Dimensions of Development'', 1973^], and eventually, through the influence of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury | Ray Bradbury]], by the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Corporation | Disney corporation]].

%lframe% http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a5/Barbara_Ward.gif | Barbara Ward

Disney, at the end of this life, wanted to solve pressing social (and, to some extent, environmental) problems.  In Project Persephone's view of Spaceship Earth, Walt Disney might be considered an imperfect model, but still worthy of (posthumous) Honorary Crewmember status.  Though he probably did not envision enshrining Spaceship Earth at EPCOT (credit for that is probably due to Ray Bradbury[^Robin Miller, "Ray Bradbury - Following his passion to Mars", http://www.raybradbury.com/articles_town_talk.html^]), if he'd lived to see Earth Day, he might have endorsed the concept.

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  Ward credited [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]] with the concept.'^*^' The trope was used in a speech she had drafted on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].[^[=John McCormick=], ''Reclaiming Paradise: The Global Environmental Movement'', p.67 http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward^] Ward was the author of a book entitled "Spaceship Earth", first published in 1966.[^Barbara Ward, ''Spaceship Earth'' http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth^] The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]], by  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara | Robert McNamara]] in his role at the World Bank[^Robert Mcnamara, in ''One Hundred Countries, Two Billion People: The Dimensions of Development'', 1973^], and eventually, through the influence of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury | Ray Bradbury]], by the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Corporation | Disney corporation]].

Barbara Ward drafted a speech for Adlai Stevenson, drawing from the Spaceship Earth idea as she conceived it. From [[http://books.google.com/books?id=B1XgK1SRqPwC&pg=PA230&dq=%22We+travel+together,+passengers+on+a+little+space+ship%22 | Stevenson's speech in Geneva]], five days before his death:

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  Ward credited [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]] with the concept.'^*^' The trope was used in a speech she had drafted on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].[^[=John McCormick=], ''Reclaiming Paradise: The Global Environmental Movement'', p.67 http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward^]  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966. The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]], by  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara | Robert McNamara]] in his role at the World Bank[^Robert Mcnamara, in ''One Hundred Countries, Two Billion People: The Dimensions of Development'', 1973^], and eventually, through the influence of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury | Ray Bradbury]], by the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Corporation | Disney corporation]].

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  Ward credited [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]] with the concept.'^*^' The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted]] on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]], by  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara | Robert McNamara]] in his role at the World Bank[^Robert Mcnamara, in ''One Hundred Countries, Two Billion People: The Dimensions of Development'', 1973^], and eventually, through the influence of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury | Ray Bradbury]], by the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Corporation | Disney corporation]].

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  Ward credited [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]] with the concept'^*^'. The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted]] on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]], by  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara | Robert McNamara]] in his role at the World Bank[^Robert Mcnamara, in ''One Hundred Countries, Two Billion People: The Dimensions of Development'', 1973^], and eventually, through the influence of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury | Ray Bradbury]], by the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Corporation | Disney corporation]].

'^*^' Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth.  It's been claimed, in a book containing the German translation of ''Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth'' (and "other writings") that he began using the term "Spaceship Earth" in 1951.[^''Bedienungsanleitung für das Raumschiff Erde und andere Schriftenthat'', Krauss & Fuller, http://books.google.com/books?id=uZajAQAACAAJ&dq=%22Bedienungsanleitung+fuer+das+Raumschiff+Erde+und+andere+Schriften%22]^] However, his first documented use of the trope -- if not of the exact term "Spaceship Earth" -- in speeches seems to be in 1965, in an address to the Phi Beta Kappa Society.[^[[http://books.google.com/books?id=0q00AAAAMAAJ&q=spaceship&dq=vision.'65+buckminster.fuller&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=6 | "Vision 65 Summary Lecture"]], published in the magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American Scholar, Vol. 35, p. 206, 1966 (April); reprinted in Fuller's ''Utopia or Oblivian''^]

The lecture itself was delivered in October of 1965.[^http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160^]  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N., in early July. In [[http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp | ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'']], by John Bartlow Martin, Stevenson is mentioned as suggesting, for a speech by President Johnson, the wording that the Earth is a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship." An [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | ambiguous citation]] of written credit for Fuller instead of Ward can be found in [[ http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | Chapter 1, "Network Artists as Anticipatory Design Scientists"]] of [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu | Victoria Vesna]]'s dissertation, [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/summary.html | "Networked Triadic Spaces"]].

'^*^' Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth.  It's been claimed, in a book containing the German translation of ''Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth'' (and "other writings") that he began using the term "Spaceship Earth" in 1951.[^''Bedienungsanleitung für das Raumschiff Erde und andere Schriftenthat'', Krauss & Fuller, http://books.google.com/books?id=uZajAQAACAAJ&dq=%22Bedienungsanleitung+fuer+das+Raumschiff+Erde+und+andere+Schriften%22]^] However, his first use of the trope -- but not of the exact term "Spaceship Earth" -- in speeches seems to be in 1965, in an address to the Phi Beta Kappa Society.[^[[http://books.google.com/books?id=0q00AAAAMAAJ&q=spaceship&dq=vision.'65+buckminster.fuller&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=6 | "Vision 65 Summary Lecture"]], published in the magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American Scholar, Vol. 35, p. 206, 1966 (April); reprinted in Fuller's ''Utopia or Oblivian''^]

The lecture itself was delivered in October of 1965[^http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160^].  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N., in early July. In [[http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp | ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'']], by John Bartlow Martin, Stevenson is mentioned as suggesting, for a speech by President Johnson, the wording that the Earth is a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship." An [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | ambiguous citation]] of written credit for Fuller instead of Ward can be found in [[ http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | Chapter 1, "Network Artists as Anticipatory Design Scientists"]] of [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu | Victoria Vesna]]'s dissertation, [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/summary.html | "Networked Triadic Spaces"]].

The lecture itself was delivered in October of 1965[^http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160^].  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N. by early July. In [[http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp | ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'']], by John Bartlow Martin, Stevenson is mentioned as suggesting, for a speech by President Johnson, the wording that the Earth is a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship." An [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | ambiguous citation]] of written credit for Fuller instead of Ward can be found in [[ http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | Chapter 1, "Network Artists as Anticipatory Design Scientists"]] of [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu | Victoria Vesna]]'s dissertation, [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/summary.html | "Networked Triadic Spaces"]].

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  Ward credited [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]] with the concept'^*^'. The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted]] on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]], by  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara | Robert McNamara]] in his role at the World Bank[^Robert Mcnamara, in One Hundred Countries, Two Billion People: The Dimensions of Development, 1973^], and eventually, through the influence of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury | Ray Bradbury]], by the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Corporation | Disney corporation]].

'^*^' Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth.  It's been claimed, in a book containing the German translation of ''Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth'' (and "other writings") that he began using the term "Spaceship Earth" in 1951. ([[ http://books.google.com/books?id=uZajAQAACAAJ&dq=%22Bedienungsanleitung+fuer+das+Raumschiff+Erde+und+andere+Schriften%22 | ''Bedienungsanleitung für das Raumschiff Erde und andere Schriftenthat'', Krauss & Fuller]]). However, his first use of the trope -- but not of the exact term "Spaceship Earth" -- in speeches seems to be in 1965, in an address "Vision 65 Summary Lecture", published in the magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American Scholar, Vol. 35, p. 206, 1966 (April).
->". . . . you are and always have been on a very small spaceship, eight thousand miles in diameter."  The nearest star Sun is 92,000,000 miles away . . ." [[http://books.google.com/books?id=0q00AAAAMAAJ&q=spaceship&dq=vision.'65+buckminster.fuller&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=6 | Vision '65 Summary Address, reprinted in ''Utopia or Oblivian"]]
The lecture itself was delivered in [[http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160 | October 1965]].  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N. by early July, 1965.  In [[http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp | ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'']], by John Bartlow Martin, he is mentioned as suggesting, for a speech by President Johnson, the wording that the Earth is a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship." An [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | ambiguous citation]] of written credit for Fuller instead of Ward can be found in [[ http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | Chapter 1, "Network Artists as Anticipatory Design Scientists"]] of [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu | Victoria Vesna]]'s dissertation, [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/summary.html | "Networked Triadic Spaces"]].

It is perhaps unfair to call the Disney corporation's use of "Spaceship Earth" a corporate vulgarization of the original concept.  Walt Disney's original vision for EPCOT - the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_Prototype_Community_of_Tomorrow_(concept) | Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow]] - may have been a [[http://www.the-original-epcot.com/2008/05/commodified-utopia-essay.html  | "commodified utopia"]], a somewhat grandiose reaction both to the problems of success seen in Disneyland's increasingly tawdry commercial periphery, and to America's social failures in the mid-1960s.  However, in Walt Disney's emphasis on a very dense urban core ringed with a greenbelt, with mass transportation conveniently connecting lower-density housing with the urban core, it's not hard to see that he was concerned with some issues of sustainability.  Disney was both a technological innovator and an entertainment entrepreneur.  [[Project Persephone]] unabashedly accepts the legitimacy of both roles, so long as they are "[[Meeting the SPEC]]".

Disney, at the end of this life, wanted to solve pressing social (and, to some extent, environmental) problems.  In Project Persephone's view of Spaceship Earth, Walt Disney might be considered an imperfect model, but still worthy of (posthumous) Honorary Crewmember status.  Though he probably did not envision enshrining Spaceship Earth at EPCOT (credit for that is probably due to Ray Bradbury[^http://www.raybradbury.com/articles_town_talk.html^]), if he'd lived to see Earth Day, he might have endorsed the concept.

%rframe% http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Walt_Disney_and_Dr._Wernher_von_Braun_-_GPN-2000-000060.jpg/120px-Walt_Disney_and_Dr._Wernher_von_Braun_-_GPN-2000-000060.jpg | Disney with von Braun

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  Ward credited [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]] with the concept'^*^'. The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted]] on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]], by  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara | Robert McNamara]] in his role at the World Bank[^Robert Mcnamara, in One Hundred Countries, Two Billion People: The Dimensions of Development, 1973^], and eventually even by the Disney corporation.

%rframe% http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Walt_disney_portrait.jpg/120px-Walt_disney_portrait.jpg | Walt Disney

-> The most rational way of seeing the whole human race today is to see it as the ship's crew of a single space ship on which all of us, with a remarkable combination of security and vulnerability, are making our pilgrimage through infinity. Our planet is not much more than the capsule within which we have to live as human beings if we are to survive the vast space voyage upon which we have engaged for hundreds of millennia, but without yet noticing our condition. This space voyage is totally precarious. We depend on a little envelope of atmosphere for our survival . . . . We are a ship's company on a small ship. Rational behaviour is the condition of survival.

From [[http://books.google.com/books?id=B1XgK1SRqPwC&pg=PA230&dq=%22We+travel+together,+passengers+on+a+little+space+ship%22 | Stevenson's speech in Geneva]], five days before his death:

-> There is something for everybody to do . . . . but we are still held back by our old parochial nationalisms.  We are still beset with dark prejudices.  We are still divided by angry, conflicting ideologies.  Yet all around us our science, our instruments, our technologies, our interests and indeed our deepest aspirations draw us more and more into a single neighborhood.

-> This must be the context of our thinking - the context of human interdependence in the face of the vast new dimensions of our science and our discovery.  Just as Europe could never again be the old, closed-id community after the voyages of Columbus, we can never again be a squabbling band of nations before the awful majesty of outer space.

-> We travel together, passengers on a little space ship, dependent on its vulnerable reserves of air and soil; all committed for our safety to its security and peace; preserved from annihilation only by the care, the work, and, I will say, the love we give our fragile craft. We cannot maintain it half fortunate, half miserable, half confident, half despairing, half slave - to the ancient enemies of man - half free in a liberation of resources undreamed of until this day. No craft, no crew can travel safely with such vast contradictions. On their resolution depends the survival of us all.

Disney, at the end of this life, wanted to solve pressing social (and, to some extent, environmental) problems.  In Project Persephone's view of Spaceship Earth, Walt Disney might be considered an imperfect model, but still worthy of (posthumous) Honorary Crewmember status.  Though he probably did not envision enshrining Spaceship Earth at EPCOT (credit for that is probably due to Ray Bradbury), if he'd lived to see Earth Day, he might have endorsed the concept.

It is perhaps unfair to call the Disney corporation's use of "Spaceship Earth" a corporate vulgarization of the original concept.  Walt Disney's original vision for EPCOT - the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_Prototype_Community_of_Tomorrow_(concept) | Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow]] - may have been a [[http://www.the-original-epcot.com/2008/05/commodified-utopia-essay.html  | "commodified utopia"]], a somewhat grandiose reaction both to the problems of success seen in Disneyland's increasingly tawdry commercial periphery, and to America's social failures in the mid-1960s.  However, in Walt Disney's emphasis on a very dense urban core ringed with a greenbelt, with mass transportation conveniently connecting lower-density housing with the urban core, it's not hard to see that he was concerned with some issues of sustainability.  Disney was both a technological innovator and an entertainment entrepreneur.  [[Project Persephone]] unabashedly accepts the legitimacy of both roles, so long as they are "[[Meeting the SPEC]]".  Disney, at the end of this life, wanted to solve pressing social (and, to some extent, environmental) problems.  In Project Persephone's view of Spaceship Earth, Walt Disney might be considered an imperfect model, but still worthy of (posthumous) Honorary Crewmember status.  Though he probably did not envision enshrining Spaceship Earth at EPCOT (credit for that is probably due to Ray Bradbury), if he'd lived to see Earth Day, he might have endorsed the concept.

'^*^' Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth.  It's been claimed, in a book containing the German translation of ''Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth'' (and "other writings") that he began using the term "Spaceship Earth" in 1951. ([[ http://books.google.com/books?id=uZajAQAACAAJ&dq=%22Bedienungsanleitung+fuer+das+Raumschiff+Erde+und+andere+Schriften%22 | ''Bedienungsanleitung für das Raumschiff Erde und andere Schriftenthat'', Krauss & Fuller]]). However, his first use of the trope -- but not of the exact term "Spaceship Earth" in speeches seems to be in 1965, in an address "Vision 65 Summary Lecture", published in the magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American Scholar, Vol. 35, p. 206, 1966 (April).

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  Ward credited [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]] with the concept'^*^'. The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted]] on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]].

The lecture itself was delivered in [[http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160 | October 1965]].  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N. by early July, 1965.  In [[http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp | ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'']], by John Bartlow Martin, he is mentioned as suggesting, for a speech by President Johnson, the wording that the Earth is a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship." An [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | ambiguous citation]] of written credit for Fuller instead of Ward can be found in [[ http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | Chapter 1, "Network Artists as Anticipatory Design Scientists"]] of [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu | Victoria Vesna]]'s dissertation, [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/summary.html | "Networked Triadic Spaces"]].

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  Ward credited [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]] with the concept'^*^'.  The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted]] on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]].

-> The most rational way of seeing the whole human race today is to see it as the ship’s crew of a single space ship on which all of us, with a remarkable combination of security and vulnerability, are making our pilgrimage through infinity. Our planet is not much more than the capsule within which we have to live as human beings if we are to survive the vast space voyage upon which we have engaged for hundreds of millennia, but without yet noticing our condition. This space voyage is totally precarious. We depend on a little envelope of atmosphere for our survival . . . . We are a ship’s company on a small ship. Rational behaviour is the condition of survival.

It is perhaps unfair to call the Disney corporation's use of "Spaceship Earth" a corporate vulgarization of the original concept.  Walt Disney's original vision for EPCOT - the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_Prototype_Community_of_Tomorrow_(concept) | Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow]] - may have been a [[http://www.the-original-epcot.com/2008/05/commodified-utopia-essay.html  | "commodified utopia"]], a somewhat grandiose reaction both to the problems of success seen in Disneyland's increasingly tawdry commercial periphery, and to America's social failures in the mid-1960s.  However, in Walt Disney's emphasis on a very dense urban core ringed with a greenbelt, with mass transportation conveniently connecting lower-density housing with the urban core, it's not hard to see that he was concerned with some issues of sustainability.  Disney was both a technological innovator and an entertainment entrepreneur.  [[Project Persephone]] unabashedly accepts the legitimacy of both roles, so long as they are "[[Meeting SPEC]]".  Disney, at the end of this life, wanted to solve pressing social (and, to some extent, environmental) problems.  In Project Persephone's view of Spaceship Earth, Walt Disney might be considered an imperfect model, but still worthy of (posthumous) Honorary Crewmember status.  Though he probably did not envision enshrining Spaceship Earth at EPCOT (credit for that is probably due to Ray Bradbury), if he'd lived to see Earth Day, he might have endorsed the concept.

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted]] on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]] and perhaps most famously by [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]]'^*^'.

'^*^' Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth.  It's been claimed, in a book containing the German translation of ''Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth'' (and "other writings") that he began using the term "Spaceship Earth" in 1951. ([[ http://books.google.com/books?id=uZajAQAACAAJ&dq=%22Bedienungsanleitung+fuer+das+Raumschiff+Erde+und+andere+Schriften%22 | ''Bedienungsanleitung für das Raumschiff Erde und andere Schriftenthat'', Krauss & Fuller]]). However, his first use of "Spaceship Earth" in speeches seems to be in 1965, in an address "Vision 65 Summary Lecture", published in the magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American Scholar, Vol. 35, p. 206, 1966 (April). The lecture itself was delivered in [[http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160 | October 1965]].  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N. by early July, 1965.  In [[http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp | ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'']], by John Bartlow Martin, he is mentioned as suggesting, for a speech by President Johnson, the wording that the Earth is a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship." An [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | ambiguous citation]] of written credit for Fuller instead of Ward can be found in [[ http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | Chapter 1, "Network Artists as Anticipatory Design Scientists"]] of [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu | Victoria Vesna]]'s dissertation, [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/summary.html | "Networked Triadic Spaces"]].

'^*^' Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth.  It's been claimed, in a book containing the German translation of ''Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth'' (and "other writings") that he began using the term "Spaceship Earth" in 1951. ([[ http://books.google.com/books?id=uZajAQAACAAJ&dq=%22Bedienungsanleitung+fuer+das+Raumschiff+Erde+und+andere+Schriften%22 | ''Bedienungsanleitung für das Raumschiff Erde und andere Schriftenthat'', Krauss & Fuller]]). However, his first use of "Spaceship Earth" in speeches seems to be in 1965, in an address "Vision 65 Summary Lecture", published in the magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American Scholar, Vol. 35, p. 206, 1966 (April).  The lecture itself was delivered in [[http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160 | October 1965]].  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N. by early July, 1965.  In [[http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp | ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'']], by John Bartlow Martin, he is mentioned as suggesting, for a speech by President Johnson, the wording that the Earth is a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship." An [[http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | ambiguous citation]] for crediting Fuller instead of Ward can be found in [[ http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/1.12.html#notes13 | Chapter 1, "Network Artists as Anticipatory Design Scientists"]] of [[Victoria Vesna]]'s dissertation, [http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/thesis/summary.html | "Networked Triadic Spaces"]].

'^*^' Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth.  It's been claimed, in a book containing the German translation of ''Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth'' (and "other writings") that he began using the term "Spaceship Earth" in 1951. ([[ http://books.google.com/books?id=uZajAQAACAAJ&dq=%22Bedienungsanleitung+fuer+das+Raumschiff+Erde+und+andere+Schriften%22 | ''Bedienungsanleitung für das Raumschiff Erde und andere Schriftenthat'', Krauss & Fuller]]). However, his first use of "Spaceship Earth" in speeches seems to be in 1965, in an address "Vision 65 Summary Lecture", published in the magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American Scholar, Vol. 35, p. 206, 1966 (April).  The lecture itself was delivered in [[http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160 | October 1965]].  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N. by early July, 1965.  In [[http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp | ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'']], by John Bartlow Martin, he is mentioned as suggesting, for a speech by President Johnson, the wording that the Earth is a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship."

It is perhaps unfair to call the Disney corporation's use of "Spaceship Earth" a corporate vulgarization of the original concept.  Walt Disney's original vision for EPCOT - the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_Prototype_Community_of_Tomorrow_(concept) | Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow]] - may have been a [[http://www.the-original-epcot.com/2008/05/commodified-utopia-essay.html  | "commodified utopia"]], a somewhat grandiose reaction both to the problems of success seen in Disneyland's increasingly tawdry commercial periphery, and to America's social failures in the mid-1960s.  However, in Walt Disney's emphasis on a very dense urban core ringed with a greenbelt, with mass transportation conveniently connecting lower-density housing with the urban core, it's not hard to see that he was concerned with some issues of sustainability.  Disney was both a technological innovator and an entertainment entrepreneur.  [[Project Persephone]] unabashedly accepts the legitimacy of both roles, so long as they are "[[Meeting SPEC]]".  Disney, at the end of this life, wanted to solve pressing social (and, to some extent, environmental) problems.  In Project Persephone's vision of Spaceship Earth, Walt Disney might be considered an imperfect model, at best, but also worthy of a posthumous grant of Honorary Crewmember.

'^*^' Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth.  It's been claimed (but not supported with any citations) that he began using this term in speeches as early as 1951.  (Joichim et al.)  However, his first use of "Spaceship Earth" in speeches seems to be in 1965, in an address "Vision 65 Summary Lecture", published in the magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American Scholar, Vol. 35, p. 206, 1966 (April).  The lecture itself was delivered in [[http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160 | October 1965]].  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N. by early July, 1965.  In [[http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp | ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'']], by John Bartlow Martin, he is mentioned as suggesting, for a speech by President Johnson, the wording that the Earth is a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship."

'^*^' Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth.  It's been claimed (but not supported with any citations) that he began using this term in speeches as early as 1951.  (Joichim et al.)  However, his first use of "Spaceship Earth" in speeches seems to be in 1965, in an address "Vision 65 Summary Lecture", published in the magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American Scholar, Vol. 35, p. 206, 1966 (April).  The lecture itself was delivered in [[http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160 | October 1965]].  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N. by early July, 1965.  In [[http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp | ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'']], by John Bartlow Martin, he is mentioned as offering for a presidential speech the wording that the Earth is a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship."

The term "Spaceship Earth" was never trademarked.  [[Project Persephone]] certainly doesn't seek to appropriate it, but at most to re-illuminate it from angles.  However, if there has been any serious contender for appropriation of the term, as [[http://news.google.com/archivesearch?pz=1&ned=us&hl=en&q=spaceship.earth&cf=all | reflected in popular usage]], it was the Disney corporation, with its [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceship_Earth_(Epcot) | Spaceship Earth attraction]] at Disney World's [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epcot | Epcot]].

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted]] on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]] and perhaps most famously by [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]]^_*_^.

^_*_^ Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth.  It's been claimed (but not supported with any citations) that he began using this term in speeches as early as 1951.  (Joichim et al.)  However, his first use of "Spaceship Earth" in speeches seems to be in 1965, in an address "Vision 65 Summary Lecture", published in the magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American Scholar, Vol. 35, p. 206, 1966 (April).  The lecture itself was delivered in [[http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160 | October 1965]].  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N. by early July, 1965.  In [[http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp | ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'']], by John Bartlow Martin, he is mentioned as offering for a presidential speech the wording that the Earth is a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship."

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted]] on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend, the American diplomat  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by the economist and philosopher [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]] and perhaps most famously by [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]].

Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth.  It's been claimed (but not supported with any citations) that he began using this term in speeches as early as 1951.  (Joichim et al.)  However, his first use of "Spaceship Earth" in speeches seems to be in 1965, in an address "Vision 65 Summary Lecture", published in the magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American Scholar, Vol. 35, p. 206, 1966 (April).  The lecture itself was delivered in [[http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160 | October 1965]].  Adlai Stevenson had already given his speech at the U.N. by early July, 1965.  In [[http://books.google.com/books?q=spinning.through.unimaginable.distance%20adlai&dq=spinning.through.unimaginable.distancei&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wp | ''Adlai Stevenson and the world'']], by John Bartlow Martin, he is mentioned as offering for a presidential speech the wording that the Earth is a "space ship spinning through unimaginable distance . . . . we can wreck that ship."

Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth.  It's been claimed (but not supported with any citations) that he began using this term in speeches as early as 1951.  (Joichim et al.)  However, the first use of it in speeches seems to be in 1965, in an address "Vision 65 Summary Lecture", published in the magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American Scholar, Vol. 35, p. 206, 1966 (April).  The lecture itself was deliver in [[http://robertfripp.ca/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ArticleDisplay&ArticleID=524&SectionID=160 | October 1965]].

Buckminster Fuller is most frequently credited with coining the term Spaceship Earth.  It's been claimed (but not supported with any citations) that he began using this term in speeches as early as 1951.  (Joichim et al.)  However, the first use of it in speeches seems to be in 1965, in an address "Vision 65 Summary Lecture", published in the magazine of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, The American Scholar, Vol. 35, p. 206, 1966.

It is perhaps unfair to call the Disney corporation's use of "Spaceship Earth" a corporate vulgarization of the original concept.  Walt Disney's original vision for EPCOT - the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_Prototype_Community_of_Tomorrow_(concept) | Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow]] - may have been a [[http://www.the-original-epcot.com/2008/05/commodified-utopia-essay.html  | "commodified utopia"]], a somewhat grandiose reaction both to the problems of success seen in Disneyland's increasingly tawdry commercial periphery, and to America's social failures in the mid-1960s.  However, in Walt Disney's emphasis on a very dense urban core ringed with a greenbelt, with mass transportation conveniently connecting lower-density housing with the urban core, it's not hard to see that he was concerned with some issues of sustainability.  Disney was both a technological innovator and an entertainment entrepreneur.  [[Project Persephone]] unabashedly accepts the legitimacy of both roles, so long as they are "[[Meeting SPEC]]".  Disney, at the end of this life, wanted to solve pressing social (and, to some extent, environmental) problems.  In Project Persephone's vision of Spaceship Earth, Walt Disney might be considered an imperfect model, at best, but also worthy of a posthumous grant of Honorary Crewmember.

It is perhaps unfair to call the Disney corporation's use of "Spaceship Earth" a corporate vulgarization of the original concept.  Walt Disney's original vision for EPCOT - the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_Prototype_Community_of_Tomorrow_(concept) | Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow]] - may have been a [[http://www.the-original-epcot.com/2008/05/commodified-utopia-essay.html  | "commodified utopia"]], a somewhat grandiose reaction to both Disneyland's increasingly tawdry commercial periphery and to America's festering urban problems and unrest.  However, in Walt Disney's emphasis on a very dense urban core ringed with a greenbelt, with mass transportation conveniently connecting lower-density housing with the urban core, it's not hard to see that he was concerned with some issues of sustainability.  Disney was both a technological innovator and an entertainment entrepreneur.  [[Project Persephone]] unabashedly accepts the legitimacy of both roles, so long as they are "[[Meeting SPEC]]".  Disney, at the end of this life, wanted to solve pressing social (and, to some extent, environmental) problems.  In Project Persephone's vision of Spaceship Earth, Walt Disney might be considered an imperfect model, at best, but also worthy of a posthumous grant of Honorary Crewmember.

It is perhaps only a half-truth to call the Disney corporation's use of "Spaceship Earth" a corporate vulgarization of the original concept.  Walt Disney's original vision for EPCOT - an [[http://www.the-original-epcot.com/2008/05/commodified-utopia-essay.html | Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow]] - may have been a "commodified utopia", a somewhat grandiose reaction to both Disneyland's increasingly tawdry commercial periphery and to America's festering urban problems and unrest.  However, in Walt Disney's emphasis on a very dense urban core ringed with a greenbelt, with mass transportation conveniently connecting lower-density housing with the urban core, it's not hard to see that he was concerned with some issues of sustainability.  Disney was both a technological innovator and an entertainment entrepreneur.  [[Project Persephone]] unabashedly accepts the legitimacy of both roles, so long as they are "[[Meeting SPEC]]".  Disney, at the end of this life, wanted to solve pressing social (and, to some extent, environmental) problems.  In Project Persephone's vision of Spaceship Earth, Walt Disney might be considered an imperfect model, at best, but also worthy of a posthumous grant of Honorary Crewmember.

The term "Spaceship Earth" was never trademarked.  [[Project Persephone]] certainly doesn't seek to appropriate it, but at most to re-illuminate it from angles.  However, if there has been any serious contender for appropriation of the term, as [[http://news.google.com/archivesearch?pz=1&ned=us&hl=en&q=spaceship.earth&cf=all | reflected in popular usage]], it was the Disney corporation, with its [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceship_Earth_(Epcot) | Spaceship Earth attraction]] at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epcot | Epcot]].

The term "Spaceship Earth" was never trademarked.  [[Project Persephone]] certainly doesn't seek to own it, or even redefine it, but at most to re-illuminate it from angles.  However, if there has been any serious contender for appropriation of the term, it was the Disney corporation, with its [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceship_Earth_(Epcot) | Spaceship Earth attraction]] at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epcot | Epcot]].

The term "Spaceship Earth" was never trademarked, but if there has been any serious contender for appropriation of it, it was Disney's, with its [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceship_Earth_(Epcot)Spaceship Earth attraction]] at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epcot | Epcot]].  It is perhaps only a half-truth to call this a corporate vulgarization of the original concept, however.  Disney's original vision for EPCOT - an [[http://www.the-original-epcot.com/2008/05/commodified-utopia-essay.html | Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow]] - may have been a "commodified utopia", a grandiose reaction to both Disneyland's commercial periphery and to America's festering urban problems and unrest.

-> We travel together, passengers on a little space ship, dependent on its vulnerable reserves of air and soil; all committed for our safety to its security and peace; preserved from annihilation only by the care, the work, and, I will say, the love we give our fragile craft. We cannot maintain it half fortunate, half miserable, half confident, half despairing, half slave - to the ancient enemies of man - half free in a liberation of resources undreamed of until this day. No craft, no crew can travel safely with such vast contradictions. On their resolution depends the survival of us all.

From Stevenson's speech in Geneva, five days before his death:

In ''Spaceship Earth'', Ward wrote

In [[http://www.bartleby.com/73/477.html | Stevenson's speech in Geneva]], five days before his death:

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by a British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted]] on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]] and perhaps most famously by [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller | Buckminster Fuller]].

In Stevenson's speech in Geneva [[http://www.bartleby.com/73/477.html]], five days before his death:

In Stevenson's speech in Geneva, five days before his death:

-> The most rational way of seeing the whole human race today is to see it as the ship’s crew of a single space ship on which all of us, with a remarkable combination of security and vulnerability, are making our pilgrimage through infinity. Our planet is not much more than the capsule within which we have to live as human beings if we are to survive the vast space voyage upon which we have engaged for hundreds of millennia, but without yet noticing our condition. This space voyage is totally precarious. We depend on a little envelope of atmosphere for our survival . . . . We are a ship’s company on a small ship. Rational behaviour is the condition of survival.

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by a British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted]] on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]] and perhaps most famously by [[R. Buckminster Fuller]].

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by a British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted]] on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding|Kenneth Boulding]] and perhaps most famously by [[R. Buckminster Fuller.]]

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by a British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted]] on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council by her close friend [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by [[Kenneth Boulding]] and perhaps most famously by [[R. Buckminster Fuller.]]

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by a British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainability | sustainable development]].  The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council]] by her close friend [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by [[Kenneth Boulding]] and perhaps most famously by [[R. Buckminster Fuller.]]

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by a British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainable development]].  The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council]] by her close friend [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson | Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by [[Kenneth Boulding]] and perhaps most famously by [[R. Buckminster Fuller.]]

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term coined by a British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainable development]].  The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council]] by her close friend [[Adlai Stevenson]].  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by [[Kenneth Boulding]] and perhaps most famously by [[R. Buckminster Fuller.]]

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term very likely coined by a British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainable development]].  The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council]] by [[Adlai Stevenson]], a friend of hers whom she'd gotten to know in Cambridge, Mass. in the 1950s.  Ward was the author of a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=c7oHPAAACAAJ&dq=barbara.ward+spaceship.earth|book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by [[Kenneth Boulding]] and perhaps most famously by [[R. Buckminster Fuller.]]

-> The most rational way of seeing the whole human race today is to see it as the ship’s crew of a single space ship on which all of us, with a remarkable combination of security and vulnerability, are making our pilgrimage through infinity. Our planet is not much more than the capsule within which we have to live as human beings if we are to survive the vast space voyage upon which we have engaged for hundreds of millennia, but without yet noticing our condition. The space voyage is totally precarious. We are a ship’s company on a small ship. Rational behaviour is the condition of survival.

'''Spaceship Earth''' is a term very likely coined by a British economist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Ward|Barbara Ward]], an early advocate of [[sustainable development]].  The trope was used in a [[http://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA67&dq=spaceship.earth+barbara.ward | speech she had drafted on the problems of urbanization, delivered before the U.N. Social and Economic Council]] by [[Adlai Stevenson]], a friend of hers whom she'd gotten to know in Cambridge, Mass. in the 1950s.  Ward was the author of a [[book of the same title]] first published in 1966.  The term was soon picked up and promoted by [[Kenneth Boulding]] and perhaps most famously by [[R. Buckminster Fuller.]]