PmWiki.Vivaria History
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The original vivaria were relevant in global environmental education from their very inception. The value of enclosed "pico-ecosystems" was discovered by accident, by a British botanist, Nathaniel Ward, who noticed that, although London's smog was killing the imported ferns in his garden, in the bottles of soil brought from the ferns' native ecosystems, populated with insects able to recycle oxygen into CO2, the same ferns sprouted quite healthily.
The original vivaria were relevant in global environmental education from their very inception. The value of enclosed "pico-ecosystems" was discovered by accident, by a British botanist, Nathaniel Ward. Ward noticed that although London's smog was killing the imported ferns in his garden, in the bottles of soil brought from the ferns' native ecosystems, which were populated with insects able to recycle oxygen into CO2, the same ferns sprouted healthily.
This discovery, and the subsequent invention of the Wardian case?, had several salutary effects.
This discovery, and the subsequent invention of the Wardian case, had several salutary effects.
- Wardian case - Victorian-era vivaria.
- Wardian case - Victorian-era vivaria.
This discovery, and the invention of the Wardian Case that followed, had several salutary effects.
- Heightened Victorian awareness of the risks of air pollution.
- The creation of a whole industry: vivaria as a hobby, and for research.
- Social clubs that brought social classes together over botanical imports.
- Expanding public awareness of other ecosystems around the world.
- Through Pteridomania, informing Victorian culture with material inspiration for new esthetic elements in graphic design.
This discovery, and the subsequent invention of the Wardian case?, had several salutary effects.
- Environmental: heightened Victorian awareness of the risks of air pollution.
- Economic: a new industry - vivarium supply for hobbyists and researchers.
- Social: vivarium club membership was drawn from several class strata.
- Educational: expanded public awareness of other ecosystems around the world.
- Artistic: through Pteridomania, vivaria inspired new styles of graphic design.
Project Persephone aims to assess the recreational, social and environmental education value of exovivaria - vivaria maintained teleoperatively in Earth orbit.
Project Persephone aims to assess the recreational, social and environmental education value of exovivaria - vivaria collectively maintained teleoperatively in Earth orbit.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Leipzig_GfZK_Vivarium.jpg/120px-Leipzig_GfZK_Vivarium.jpg Project Persephone aims to assess the recreational, social and environmental education value of exovivaria - vivaria maintained teleoperatively in outer space.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Leipzig_GfZK_Vivarium.jpg/120px-Leipzig_GfZK_Vivarium.jpg | Modern vivarium Project Persephone aims to assess the recreational, social and environmental education value of exovivaria - vivaria maintained teleoperatively in Earth orbit.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Nathaniel_Bagshaw_Ward_um_1855.jpg | Nathaniel Ward
The original vivaria were relevant in global environmental education from their very inception. The value of enclosed "pico-ecosystems" was discovered by accident, by a British botanist who noticed that, although London's smog was killing the imported ferns in his garden, in the bottles of soil brought from the ferns' native ecosystems, populated with insects able to recycle oxygen into CO2, the same ferns sprouted quite healthily.
The original vivaria were relevant in global environmental education from their very inception. The value of enclosed "pico-ecosystems" was discovered by accident, by a British botanist, Nathaniel Ward, who noticed that, although London's smog was killing the imported ferns in his garden, in the bottles of soil brought from the ferns' native ecosystems, populated with insects able to recycle oxygen into CO2, the same ferns sprouted quite healthily.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Leipzig_GfZK_Vivarium.jpg/120px-Leipzig_GfZK_Vivarium.jpg
Project Persephone's aims to assess the recreational, social and environmental education value of exovivaria - vivaria maintained teleoperatively in outer space.
Project Persephone aims to assess the recreational, social and environmental education value of exovivaria - vivaria maintained teleoperatively in outer space.
This discovery, and the invention of the Wardian Case, that followed had several salutary effects.
This discovery, and the invention of the Wardian Case that followed, had several salutary effects.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wardian_Case.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Wardian_Case.jpg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wardian_Case.jpg
The original vivaria were relevant in global environmental education from their very inception. The value of enclosed "pico-ecosystems" was discovered by accident, by a British botanist who noticed that, although London's smog was killing the imported ferns in his garden, the bottles of soil brought from the ferns' native ecosystems, populated with insects able to recycle oxygen into CO2, had the same ferns sprouting quite healthily.
This discovery and the invention of the Wardian Case that followed had several salutary effects.
- Heightened Victorian awareness of the risks of air pollution,
- The creation of a whole industry, of creating vivaria
- Social clubs that brought social classes together over botanical imports,
- Expanding general public awareness of other ecosystems around the world,
The original vivaria were relevant in global environmental education from their very inception. The value of enclosed "pico-ecosystems" was discovered by accident, by a British botanist who noticed that, although London's smog was killing the imported ferns in his garden, in the bottles of soil brought from the ferns' native ecosystems, populated with insects able to recycle oxygen into CO2, the same ferns sprouted quite healthily.
This discovery, and the invention of the Wardian Case, that followed had several salutary effects.
- Heightened Victorian awareness of the risks of air pollution.
- The creation of a whole industry: vivaria as a hobby, and for research.
- Social clubs that brought social classes together over botanical imports.
- Expanding public awareness of other ecosystems around the world.
The original vivaria were relevant in global environmental education from their very inception. The value of enclosed "pico-ecosystems" was discovered by accident, by a British botanist who noticed that, although London's smog was killing the imported ferns in his garden, the bottles of soil brought from the ferns' native ecosystems, populated with insects able to recycle oxygen into CO 2?, had the same ferns sprouting quite healthily.
The original vivaria were relevant in global environmental education from their very inception. The value of enclosed "pico-ecosystems" was discovered by accident, by a British botanist who noticed that, although London's smog was killing the imported ferns in his garden, the bottles of soil brought from the ferns' native ecosystems, populated with insects able to recycle oxygen into CO2, had the same ferns sprouting quite healthily.
Vivaria - small, enclosed (often air-tight) ecosystems with a sampling of species.
History
The original vivaria were relevant in global environmental education from their very inception. The value of enclosed "pico-ecosystems" was discovered by accident, by a British botanist who noticed that, although London's smog was killing the imported ferns in his garden, the bottles of soil brought from the ferns' native ecosystems, populated with insects able to recycle oxygen into CO 2?, had the same ferns sprouting quite healthily.
This discovery and the invention of the Wardian Case that followed had several salutary effects.
- Heightened Victorian awareness of the risks of air pollution,
- The creation of a whole industry, of creating vivaria
- Social clubs that brought social classes together over botanical imports,
- Expanding general public awareness of other ecosystems around the world,
- Through Pteridomania, informing Victorian culture with material inspiration for new esthetic elements in graphic design.
Goal
Project Persephone's aims to assess the recreational, social and environmental education value of exovivaria - vivaria maintained teleoperatively in outer space.
Further Reading
- Wardian case - Victorian-era vivaria.